Part 1 Questions

1. (a) Vatom = 2.70 x 107 pm³; (b) Vion = 5.89 x 106 pm³;
 (c) Vatom/Vion = 4.58

3. by electrochemical reduction of molten NaCl

4. sodium and potassium

5. NaOH, H₂ and Cl₂:

2 NaCl + 2 H2O(g)   2 NaOH(aq) + H₂(g) + Cl₂(g)

2 NaOH(aq) + Cl₂(aq)   NaOCl(aq) + NaCl(aq)

6. By keeping the temperature above the bp for potassium and below the bp for sodium, LeChatelier’s principle will drive the equilibrium to the right, producing more metallic potassium

7.   (a) increases; (b) decreases; (c) decreases; (d) decreases

8. the removal of a second electron would involve removing it from a full core, thus breaking a noble gas configuration

9. (a) DEN = 2.6 therefore 20% covalent; (b) DEN = 1.5 therefore 60% covalent; (c) DEN = 3.3 therefore about 10% covalent
 
10.

 

(a) BO = (2-0)/2 = 1
(b) (s_3s)²(s_3s*)⁰
(c) BO = (1-0)/2 = 1/2; (s_3s)¹(s_3s*)⁰
(d) yes because BO is > 0
(e) (i) Na₂^-1 could exist because BO = (2-1)/2 = 1/2; (ii) Na₂^-2 could not exist because BO = (2-2)/2 = 0

13. heptane and diethyl ether

14. CH₃CH₂OH + Na(l)  H₂(g) + NaOCH₂CH₃

15.