Microscale Gas Chemistry:Nitrogen Information |
A. Appearance
Nitrogen, N2, is a colorless, odorless, and tasteless
gas that has very low solubility in water. Liquid nitrogen
is colorless. Interestingly, nitrogen molecules give the orange-red,
blue-green, indigo and deep violet colors to the dawn sky.
B. Physical Properties of N2
Nitrogen, N2 Atomic mass: 28.013 g/mol melting point -209.86 oC boiling point -195.8 oC
C. History
The
discovery of nitrogen is generally credited to Daniel Rutherford in 1772.
Like Priestley, Rutherford did not recogize his substance as a new element
Ñ and, as with oxygen, Lavoisier did! He named the element azote
which means Òwithout life.Ó The name ÒnitrogenÓ was suggested by
Jean-Antoine-Claude Chaptal in 1790 when it was recognized that it was
one of the elements present in nitric acid. The name is also based
on the Greek word nitron which means Òto form.Ó
D. Natural Abundance
Nitrogen occurs chiefly in the atmosphere, where is constitutes 78% of 'air.' The mass of the atmosphere is approximately 5 x 1018 kg, so there is a limitless supply of nitrogen. Very little nitrogen is found in minerals or crustal rocks.
E. Industrial Production
Nitrogen is obtained by the fractional distillation of air.
F. Industrial Uses
Nitrogen is the second ranked industrial chemical in terms of commercial production, with over 20 billion kilograms produced per year in the USA. Four other nitrogen-containing compounds, all originally produced from nitrogen, also appear in the Top 15.
The
main use of nitrogen is as an inert blanket in iron and steel industry
as well as in related metallurgical and chemical activities where an inert
atmosphere is required. Another important, large scale use of nitrogen
blankets is in the glass industry. One third of the nitrogen produced
is liquefied and used in that form as a refrigerant. Liquid nitrogen
is maintained at its normal boiling point, 77.2 K. Rubbery or sticky
substances cannot be machined or ground unless they are first frozen.
Freeze grinding is even used to make hamburger. Liquid nitrogen is
used to quick-freeze foods and to maintain refrigeration of frozen foods
as they are transported over the highway.
G. Gas Density of N2
The density of N2 is 1.145 g/L under the same conditions
Ñ or 97% as great as that of air.
H. Gas Solubility of N2
At 0 °C nitrogen dissolves in water to the extent of 23.3 cm3
per liter water.
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